牛白血病病毒GP51蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达及胶体金免疫层析试纸条检测方法的建立

为了建立一种快速诊断牛白血病(BLV)的检测方法,本研究从BLV中扩增出其囊膜糖蛋白gp51基因,经测序后克隆于表达载体pET32a(+)中,构建了重组表达质粒pET32a-gp51。将其转化受体菌BL21,用IPTG诱导后表达出约42ku的目的蛋白,经western blot检测表明目的蛋白具良好的反应原性。以胶体金标记的羊抗牛IgG(Fc)抗体作为标记抗体,将纯化的His-gp51重组蛋白和羊抗牛IgG分别标记于硝酸纤维素膜上作为检测线和质控线,各部件按序装配形成快速诊断试纸条。对22份样本分别用试纸条和ELISA试验进行检测,2种方法的阳性符合率为88.9%(8/9),表明本研究建立的胶体金免疫层析方法简便、快捷,具有较好的特异性和一定的敏感性,适宜基层初筛诊断和现场应用。     

矿物元素对肉牛组织中铜铁锌与镉相关性的影响

为给制定降低牛肉组织中镉元素含量的技术措施提供科学依据,选用40头杂交肉牛,进行了饲料中添加解毒剂(硒)、拮抗剂(铜、锌、铁)、吸附剂(蒙脱石)等几种矿物质与镉在牛肝脏、肾脏、肌肉等组织中的相关性试验。结果表明:在自然饲养状态下,通过在肉牛饲料中添加微量元素硒、铜、锌、铁和蒙脱石均不能有效降低镉在肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中的蓄积,相反增加了镉在肾脏或肝脏组织中的积累。     

载菌蒙托石改善鲫养殖水质和生长性能的研究

以附载益生菌-沼泽红假单胞菌的蒙托石为研究对象,通过对鲫养殖水质指标和生长性能的测定,研究了其作用效果.试验分为1个对照组和3个试验组(T1、T2、T3分别添加一定量的沼泽红假单胞菌、蒙托石和载菌蒙托石).试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组T3显著降低了(P < 0.01)养殖水体后期氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、化学需氧量和硫化物的含量,提高了鲫的质量日增长和质量相对增长率(P < 0.01),改善效果优于T1和T2.试验组T1和T2在生长指标上与对照组比较,虽有不同程度的提高,但差异不显著(P > 0.01).     

一种新型肠粘膜保护剂——载铜蒙脱石对肠粘膜屏障功能影响的研究

以蒙脱石（MMT）为原料，通过阳离子交换反应合成载铜蒙脱石（MMT-Cu）。为探讨载铜蒙脱石对肠粘膜屏障功能的影响，采用体外培养的单层Caco-2细胞模型为研究对象，以细菌易位数量和肠绒毛损伤程度做为指标进行研究。结果表明：MMT-Cu可明显减少（P〈0．01）E．coilK88、S．choleraesuis侵入到Caco-2细胞内的数量，与对照组相比，下降了2logCFU／mL～3log CFU／mL；并能显著降低（P〈0．01）LDH的释放量。扫描电子显微镜下观察可见，加入MMT-Cu一段时间后，当E．coil K88和S．choleraesuis粘附Caco-2细胞时，微绒毛依旧排列整齐、致密，可见肠上皮细胞保持完好。结果表明，MMT-Cu对肠粘膜具有屏障作用，可作为一种消化道粘膜保护剂。     

饲粮添加蒙脱石和枯草芽孢杆菌对产蛋鸡盲肠菌群和肠道通透性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加蒙脱石(MMT)和枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)对产蛋鸡盲肠菌群和肠道通透性的影响。采用2×2双因子随机设计,选择360只29周龄健康的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复15只),分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.5 g/kg MMT(MMT组)、基础饲粮+5×108CFU/kg BS(BS组)、基础饲粮+0. 5 g/kg MMT+5×108CFU/kg BS(MMT+BS组)。预试期7 d,正试期70 d。结果表明:1) BS组测序获得的有效序列显著多于其他各组(P<0.05),试验组测序获得的优质序列较对照组均有一定增加(P>0.05)。2)在门水平上,与对照组相比,MMT组梭杆菌门相对含量有降低的趋势(P=0.072),MMT+BS组迷踪菌门相对含量有降低的趋势(P=0.053)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,MMT组梭杆菌属相对含量有降低的趋势(P=0.072),BS组乳杆菌属相对含量显著提高(P<0.05),BS组和MMT+BS组巨单胞菌属相对含量显著提高(P<0.05),MMT+BS组梭菌属相对含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加BS显著降低了产蛋鸡血浆二胺氧化酶活性和内毒素含量(P<0.05),有降低血浆D-乳酸含量的趋势(P=0.051)。可见,MMT、BS及其联用均在一定程度上影响了产蛋鸡盲肠菌群的物种丰度,添加BS降低了肠道通透性。     

The effects of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or LRS and 6% hetastarch on the colloid osmotic pressure, total protein and osmolality in healthy horses under general anesthesia

ObjectiveTo investigate changes in colloid osmotic pressure (COP), total protein (TP) and osmolality (OSM) during anesthesia in horses given intravenous lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) or LRS and hetastarch (HES).Study designProspective, clinical trial.AnimalsFourteen horses presented for surgery. Mean age 8.3 ± 1.9 years; mean weight 452 ± 25 kg.MethodsHorses were premedicated with xylazine intravenously (IV); anesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam IV, and maintained with sevoflurane. Butorphanol was administered IV with pre-medications or immediately after induction. Xylazine was administered IV for recovery if necessary. LRS was administered IV to all horses with a target rate of 5–10 mL kg^?1 hour^?1. Half of the horses also received 6% HES, 2.5 mL kg^?1 over 1 hour in addition to LRS. Horses that received LRS only were considered the LRS group. Horses that received both LRS and HES were considered the LRS/HES group. Blood was drawn pre- and post-anesthesia, immediately following induction, and every 30 minutes throughout anesthesia. COP, TP and OSM were measured.ResultsCOP and TP significantly decreased at similar rates for both treatment groups from pre-anesthetic values. Pre-anesthetic COP was significantly greater in the LRS group when compared to the LRS/HES group pre-, post- and throughout anesthesia. In the LRS group post-anesthetic OSM was significantly different than the pre-anesthesia value and that for the LRS/HES group.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAdministration of IV HES (2.5 mL kg^?1, over 1 hour) in combination with LRS does not attenuate the decrease in COP typically seen during anesthesia with crystalloid administration alone. Based on these results, administration of HES at this rate and total volume would not be expected to prevent fluid shifts into the interstitium through its effects on COP.     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对断奶仔猪生长、消化性能及二糖酶活性的影响

取128头健康"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组32头。分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+3.0g/kg纳米蒙脱石(MMT)、基础日粮+3.0g/kg纳米载铜蒙脱石(MMT-Cu)及基础日粮+117mg/kgCu2+。比较研究MMT-Cu对断奶仔猪生长、消化和肠黏膜二糖酶活性的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加3.0g/kgMMT-Cu,能显著(P<0.05)提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化效率;显著提高饲料干物质(P<0.05)、粗蛋白(P<0.05)、粗脂肪(P<0.05)的表观消化率和十二指肠内容物中总蛋白水解酶(P<0.05)、脂肪酶(P<0.05)、淀粉酶(P<0.05)的活性。与对照组相比,添加MMT组十二指肠内容物中脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性升高显著(P<0.05)。二糖酶活性研究表明,添加3.0g/kgMMT-Cu组仔猪空肠黏膜麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性均显著高于(P<0.05)对照组和CuSO4组。     

The role of albumin replacement in the critically ill veterinary patient

Objective: To review the human and veterinary literature on the physiological role and effects of therapeutic albumin supplementation. Data sources: Data from human and veterinary literature was reviewed. Human data synthesis: Hypoalbuminemia often occurs in a variety of critical illnesses, and contributes to the development of life‐threatening complications, including pulmonary edema, delayed wound healing, feeding intolerance, hypercoaguability, and multiple organ dysfunction. Serum albumin concentration has been used as a prognostic indicator in cases of chronic hypoalbuminemia. The use of albumin replacement therapy in humans is sometimes controversial, but may be associated with improved morbidity and decreased mortality. Veterinary data synthesis: Unlike human literature, there is a paucity of controlled clinical studies in the literature regarding albumin supplementation in veterinary patients. Rather, the majority of published studies were performed in experimental animals or via retrospective analyses. One recent study evaluated the use of plasma to improve albumin concentration in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. Other older studies investigated wound healing in dogs with experimentally induced hypoalbuminemia. As in human medicine, serum albumin concentration may be helpful as a prognostic indicator in critically ill dogs. Conclusion: Albumin is one of the most important proteins in the body because of its role in maintenance of colloid oncotic pressure, substrate transport, buffering capacity, as a mediator of coagulation and wound healing, and free‐radical scavenging. Albumin replacement in veterinary medicine is difficult, but until prospective clinical trials determine the efficacy of albumin replacement are conducted, a suggested clinical guideline would be to maintain albumin concentration at or above 2.0 g/dl utilizing fresh frozen plasma.     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对断奶仔猪生长、肠道菌群及其肠黏膜形态的影响

选用128头健康“杜长大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组、CuSO4组、纳米蒙脱石(MMT)组和MMT-Cu组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+78 mg/kg Cu2+(CuSO4.5H2O,相当于MMT-Cu中Cu2+的量)、基础日粮+2.0 g/kgMMT、基础日粮+2.0 g/kgMMT-Cu。结果表明,与对照组相比,MMT-Cu组能显著提高(P<0.05)断奶仔猪的平均日增重、饲料转化效率及小肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值,显著降低(P<0.05)腹泻率及小肠、结肠内容物中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量;而MMT组也显著降低(P<0.05)仔猪腹泻率,提高(P<0.05)小肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值。与MMT组或CuSO4组相比,MMT-Cu组能显著(P<0.05)提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化效率(P<0.05),显著降低了(P<0.05)小肠和结肠内容物中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量。